THE STATE OF SOCIETY ON KNOTT'S ISLAND IN THE 18TH CENTURY AND
THE FIRST HALF OF THE l9TH CENTURY; TRAFFIC THROUGH CURRITUCK
INLET; GROGGERIES; FIGHTS; THE FIGHTS OF JOHN POTTER WHITE AND
TAYLOR JONES; TE AND SHADE KILLUM; WHITE'S DEATH, ITS CAUSE; INLET
CLOSED; LESS TRADE AND FEWER FIGHTS NOW; SOME GOOD OLD CHRISTIANS
To show the change in habits, customs, and the moral and
religious condition on the Island during the 18th century and the
first part of 19th century, and the inroads of the church on
Satan's Kingdom, I shall have to go back generations before I was
born, the doings of which time were handed down to him by the
forefathers of this Island.
The old inlet filled up in 1828, four years before the writer was
born. Prior to that event, perhaps during a century or more, there
were many small vessels carrying staves, shingles, corn, wheat,
etc., from Currituck and other North Carolina counties, through
this Inlet, to Norfolk, Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia and
other northern markets; and bringing back sugar, molasses, cloths,
calicos, and other drygoods and notions, and all kinds of liquors;
these latter to replenish the grog shops of Currituck, and
especially those in full blast on and about Knott's Island and the
one on Betsy's Marsh, these being the first landing places after
leaving the ocean. Many of these vessels were built and manned in
Currituck and adjoining counties, but there were many more from
Baltimore and the North, built and manned in their respective
hailing places. In coming in, these vessels would anchor at.
Betsy's Marsh; the crews would go up, and have a tip to initiate
themselves; after this, with their needles pointed Islandward,
they would weigh anchor and be off to the Island grog-shops, and
there would be found congregated daily, sailors both Southern and
Northern, and likewise citizens. Generally, after a drink or two,
bragging, quarreling and fighting ensued.
These were days of "bull-godism"; every crew and every
neighborhood had a fighting champion. To hear these oldtimers,
even in the writer's remembrance, spin the tragic yarns of these
fights and exploit, their champion's virtues, was indeed amusing.
After a few drinks of Jersey-lightning, balanced with cuss words,
these "homers" and Northerners would wade in, in the usual sport,
fist cuffing, hair pulling eye-gouging. The home champion always
won; the other fellow went down.
JOHN POTTER WHITE AND TAYLOR JONES
John Potter White and Taylor Jones were two of the leading and
most efficient champions on the Island, though there were a great
many lessor lights. This was before the writer's existence.
White, being a scientific boxer, had boxed these Yankees all
about, when they came on the Island for a tilt; so these
Northerners had ill-will against White, and informed him that the
next time he came to New York in his vessel they had a fellow
there who would give him the dose he deserved.
In the course of time, White made a visit there, and the New York
boatmen at once recognized him: they straightway told him to
prepare to take his medicine, for they were going up town and
bring their man. Soon, came they did, with a 250 pound mulatto,
stripped for the fight. White suggested the knock-out to be over a
line; this was agreed to.
White knew that if the pugilist should land him a powerful blow
upon the face it might fix him. First round: White by his science,
skill and well-aimed blows laid his antagonist on the ground.
Great rejoicing with the Island and Currituck crowd.
Second round: The mulatto put in a good swing on White's nose
that laid him out. Great hurrahs went up from the New Yorkers.
White recovered however from this stunning blow and determined it
should not be repeated, for White's blood was up now, and likewise
his adroitness in evading blows.
Third round: White now planted blow after blow in the giant's
face in quick succession, until he was blinded, then White with
his last desperate swing sent him to the ground with a heavy thud.
It was over. The mulatto was taken away by his chums, and John
Potter White was declared the victor. So ended the fight between
Knotts Island & New York.
Though White was the victor in that tug of war, the blow he
received on this occasion from this mulatto broke his nose and
drove it in, of the effects of which he afterward died.
After White died two blow-hards, brothers, came from Coinjock
to the Island, to "thrash it out," they said. These two brothers
were named Te and Shade Killum, and called themselves the
bull-champions of Coinjock. On the evening of their arrival,
they talked and acted vulgarly in the presence of women of the
Island; and with oaths remarked there were little chance to use
their muscles in a fight on there. The news of their proceedings
flew, and Taylor Jones sent them a message to present themselves
on the premises of Malachi Jones (Colonel Jones' father) the
next morning and they should be accommodated. All understood
what would likely happen and both men and women were out to see
the fun. The women, particularly, wished them well pummeled for
their vulgar conduct the previous evening.
The Killums were on time and each wanted a man to fight. Jones
told them it was not necessary for each of them to have a man to
fight; that it only required one Islander to whip two such as
they were. The fight was to be over a line of bandana
handkerchiefs tied together. They came up to the line with great
anticipation to annihilate this, a single, antagonist. Jones's
first blow laid Shade out; this so frightened Te, that Jones
only got in a half stroke on him; he ran away leaving his
brother, who had now recovered sufficiently to run also. Jones
told them they were of no account, that he had only condescended
to give them a blow, each, for their ill manners the day before,
and that if they were caught on the Island an hour hence, he
would not insure them a whole bone. They went in haste.
I have heard of these two Killums from the old people of
Coinjock--John Simmons, Levi Walker, Old Aunt Lydia Poyner and
others; that they were vulgar fuss-breeders, of little account
for anything else, and that if they ever whipped any man it was
by doubling on him. Mrs. Poyner told me that the last fuss these
two bravadoes had was at a muster at the Nathan O'Neal place in
Coinjock. They were abusing some poor, old, inoffensive fellow,
and the sympathetic women present paid the bill for a good
fighter present to pummel their faces to a pulp. He did it, and
forever after they kept aloof from public gatherings.
After White died, Jones was growing old, and the Islanders were
looking around among the young and lesser lights to fill their
places. Even Uncle Mac, though young, tipped the scales near the
two hundred pound mark. He was anticipating a championship; for
was he not quite an athlete, and a skilled veterinarian, who
with little help could take down horses or other animals when a
cutting operation was necessary. Late one evening he happened at
one of these rendezvous on the Island, where a crowd of Northern
sailors came up for a drink and a spat--the usual thing. Jones
was away and Uncle Mac was the only lesser light present.
One New Yorker remarked how quickly he could put out Jones's
light, if there, and how cowardly the others were that he
couldn't even get a brush out of them. By this time Uncle Mac's
dander was rising; even the witch and haunt fear was fading; but
he did fear, somewhat, this bullying fellow, but was determined
to fight him though he get thrashed. Off went his coat, into the
ring he went, apparently with great confidence in his ability to
tag this Yankee; but within all was fear. When vis-a-vis he
waded in and licked his man; great rejoicing with the Islanders,
of course.
The most important groggeries where sailors and citizens met to
see and carry out their hurly-burlyings, one was near and
southwest from where Walter Capps now lives, the other on
Betsy's Marsh on the north side of the South Channel of the
Inlet. At this latter place, besides drinking, fighting and
gouging eyes, there were music and dancing frolics, here crowds
of both male and female gathered from all points of the compass.
Of course there was a family or two living here who kept a
groggery and always prepared for these almost nightly bouts.
Knotts Island furnished only its quota; they come from all the
country; from Pasquotank east, anxitirated by a good slice of
southeast Princess Anne.
The people carousing at Betsy's Marsh came from all points of
the compass, so there were room only for a few of the Islanders;
and that few were there mostly as detectives to give the news of
the proceedings. Knott's Island, however was well represented at
the Island grogery near Walter Capps' present abode as
aforesaid.
Sailors from North and South met here, as well as the Island
citizens, where they drank grog, fought and caroused.
Gross immoralities were practiced at Betsy's Marsh frolics,
resulting in the birth of children with unknown or unlawful
fathers.
Whiskey in those days was cheap--twenty-five to fifty cents per
gallon--, hence a great deal of drunkenness could be found
everywhere; Knott's Island had only its share. I do not say that
all the men on the Island were in these drunken brawls, but I do
say, from what I have heard from those old who knew, that there
were so much drizzle and fog in the social and moral atmosphere
that the ray of the religious sun penetrated the Island only
feebly. But among the Island people there were many truly
religious, of the old Lorenza Dow type, who read their Bible and
drank in its precepts; who sang their plaintive minors out of
the Zion Songster and Pious Songs, and who kept themselves, as
far as their surroundings permitted, unspotted from the world.
The men in those days, with fish and fowl in plenty at their
doors, and chinkapins and acorns for hogs when taken from the
marsh, could provide eatables for their families with but little
labor; and so they had plenty of spare time to visit the resorts
aforesaid. But the women's work was not so easy as that of their
lords; picking cotton and wool, carding, spinning, weaving,
cutting, sewing and making clothes for the entire family, fell
to their lot; besides there were other household duties.
Now this chapter gives a glimpse of society on the Island in
the 18th century, and I am sure it is true of the first thirty
years of the 19th century, as handed down by tradition.
Now, I will come down to the time of my birth, and tell how the
church revolutionized Knott's Island; how it progressed, and
became, through great difficulties, fully established; how its
entering wedge split, tore assunder and almost annihilated the
old-time customs.
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